Indicators
Osteocalcin
Osteocalcin (100 aa, ~11 kDa) is encoded by the human BGLAP gene. This protein is involved in bone development.
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Indicators
Osteocalcin (100 aa, ~11 kDa) is encoded by the human BGLAP gene. This protein is involved in bone development.
Indicators
Osteopontin (314 aa, ~35 kDa) is encoded by the human SPP1 gene. This protein is involved in the regulation of both tissue mineralization and cell-cell signaling.
Tests
The determination of the amount of paired box 5 protein in a biological specimen
Indicators
A water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant property. Vitamin B5 is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. Vitamin B5 is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.
Indicators
Parathyroid hormone (115 aa, ~13 kDa) is encoded by the human PTH gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of calcium ion and phosphate concentration in the blood.
Tests
A partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test uses a blood sample to measure the number of seconds it takes for your blood to clot . Normally, when you get a cut or injury that causes bleeding, many different types of proteins in your blood work together to make a clot to stop the bleeding. These proteins are called coagulation factors or clotting factors, and your liver makes most of them.
Tests
The determination of the amount of PAX3-FKHR fusion protein present in a sample.
Tests
A PD-L1 test uses a sample of cancerous tumor tissue to measure how much of a protein called programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is found on the cancer cells. Normally, PD-L1 is found on certain healthy cells. It helps keep your immune system from attacking healthy tissue by acting as a kind of "brake" on your immune system cells (called T-cells). However, in some cancers, PD-L1 keeps your immune system from attacking cancerous cells.
Article
Research record from Clin Chem Lab Med, 2026-07-29. PMID 42517493.
Indicators
An essential aromatic amino acid in humans (provided by food), Phenylalanine plays a key role in the biosynthesis of other amino acids and is important in the structure and function of many proteins and enzymes. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine, used in the biosynthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters. The L-form of Phenylalanine is incorporated into proteins, while the D-form acts as a painkiller. Absorption of ultraviolet radiation by Phenylalanine is used to quantify protein amounts. (NCI04)
Tests
A PKU screening test measures the amount of a protein called phenylalanine (Phe) in a sample of a newborn's blood. Phe is in all foods that contain protein such as milk, meats, and nuts. It's also in an artificial sweetener called aspartame. If a newborn has high levels of Phe in their blood, it could mean that they have phenylketonuria (PKU).
Indicators
This gene plays a role in transcriptional regulation.