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An antinuclear antibody directed against small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), that is highly specific, but has poor sensitivity for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Presence of anti-Sm antibodies are associated with central nervous system, kidney, lung and cardiac involvement in SLE, but are not indicative of disease activity.
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An autoantibody that recognizes antigens found in the cytoplasm of neutrophils.
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Antithrombin-III (464 aa, ~53 kDa) is encoded by the human SERPINC1 gene. This protein is involved in the negative regulation of serine proteinase activity during blood coagulation.
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Apolipoprotein A-I (267 aa, ~31 kDa) is encoded by the human APOA1 gene. This protein is involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol.
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Appetite-regulating hormone (117 aa, ~13 kDa) is encoded by the human GHRL gene. This protein is involved in satiety, thirst and anxiety and regulating growth hormone release.
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This gene is involved in apoptotic regulation. Overexpression of this gene promotes the pathogenesis of B-Cell lymphomas, due to anti-apoptotic activity.
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Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 (345 aa, ~38 kDa) is encoded by the human APOH gene. This protein is involved in binding to phospholipids, glycosaminoglycans and other negatively charged substances.
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Beta-2-microglobulin protein (119 aa, ~14 kDa) is encoded by the human B2M gene. This protein plays a role in immune responses and is a key component of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The protein is localized to the surface of cells and is utilized as a prognostic marker in persons with cancers that involve white blood cells. The polypeptide is also used as a marker in kidney damage diagnosis and in the detection of viral infection.
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This anti-apoptotic gene regulates apoptotic activity. BIRC3 gene promotes tumor cell survival.
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C peptide (31 aa, ~3 kDa) is encoded by the human INS gene. This protein is involved in both signal transduction and the modulation of blood flow.
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C-reactive protein (224 aa, ~25 kDa) is encoded by the human CRP gene. This protein is cleaved during biological activation and is associated with host defense mechanisms and inflammatory responses.
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Calcitonin (32 aa, ~3 kDa) is encoded by the human CALCA gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of blood calcium and phosphate concentrations through promoting incorporation of these ions into bone.