Technology
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a technique that allows the detection of losses and gains in DNA copy number across the entire genome without prior knowledge of specific chromosomal abnormalities. Comparative genomic hybridization utilizes the hybridization of differentially labeled tumor and reference DNA to generate a map of DNA copy number changes in tumor genomes. Comparative genomic hybridization is an ideal tool for analyzing chromosomal imbalances in archived tumor material and for examining possible correlations between these findings and tumor phenotypes. (from Ried et al. J Mol Med 1997 75:801-14)
Diagnostic Methods
Company
in Thousand Oaks, California, that manufactures Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) reagents and CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing tools for life science research.
Manufacturer
Technology
Analysis that looks for differences in the lengths of microsatellite repeats between alleles. Polymorphic microsatellites are present in the genome every few thousand base pairs and can function as molecular markers.
Diagnostic Methods
Glossary Term
A chromosome not involved in sex determination. The diploid human genome consists of a total of 46 chromosomes which includes 22 pairs of autosomes.
Pcr Terms
Article
Research record from Genome Med, 2026-07-27. PMID 42509573.
Glossary Term
Variation in the number of copies of a particular sequence within the genetic material of an individual. Large-scale copy number polymorphisms are common and widely distributed in the human genome.
Pcr Terms
Tests
A PCR technique that uses the GP5+/GP6+ primer set for HPV detection. It amplifies a 150 bp region from the L1 region of the HPV genome.
For professionals
Indicators
Immunoglobulin Light Chain Kappa is one of two Ig light chain types. Each Ig molecule is typically composed of two heavy chains and two light chains. Ig kappa light chains contain a variable and a constant region. Kappa light chains are encoded by multiple V, J, and C gene segments, which are separated in the genomes of cells undifferentiated with regard to antibody gene expression. Diversity in the kappa light chain V region arises during differentiation of an activated (kappa-type) antibody-producing B-cell from variable recombination of kappa V genes with kappa J genes and somatic point mutation, which plays a major role in antibody diversity. (from OMIM and NCI)
Indicators
Immunoglobulin Light Chain Lambda is one of two Ig light chain types. Each Ig molecule is typically composed of two heavy chains and two light chains but Ig lambda light chains contain a variable and a constant region. Lambda light chains are encoded by multiple V, J, and C gene segments, which are separated in the genomes of cells undifferentiated with regard to antibody gene expression. During differentiation of an activated (lambda-type) antibody-producing B-cell, diversity in the lambda light chain V region arises from variable recombination of lambda V genes with lambda J genes and somatic point mutation, which plays a major role in antibody diversity. (from OMIM 147220 and NCI)
Tests
A proprietary PCR technique that uses a pool of primers to amplify a 450 bp region in the L1 region of the HPV genome. It is capable of detecting 37 high- and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes.
For professionals
Glossary Term
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) mends DNA regions that contain chemical adducts, such as UV-induced thymine dimers or carcinogenic adducts, which distort the DNA helix and interfere with replication and transcription. NER is targeted to actively transcribed regions of the genome. During NER in eukaryotes, shape irregularities are detected by protein complexes that slide along the DNA molecule and induce cuts on each side of a lesion several nucleotides away. Removal of the damaged 25-30 nucleotide fragment is followed by repair synthesis and ligation.
Pcr Terms
Tests
A PCR technique that uses a pool of 5 upstream and 13 downstream primers, which are based on the binding sites for the MY09/MY11 degenerate primer set, for HPV detection. It amplifies a 450 bp region from the L1 region of the HPV genome.
For professionals
