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Indicators
A natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries. Found in citrus and other fruits, and in vegetables, vitamin C cannot be produced or stored by humans and must be obtained in the diet. (NCI04)
Tests
A basic metabolic panel (BMP) measures eight different substances in your blood. It provides important information about your body's fluid balance , your metabolism (the process your body uses to make energy from food you eat), and how well your kidneys are working. This test is often used to check your general health.
Glossary Term
A family of discrete probability density functions, which models systems that meet the following requirements: 1) the number of trials (n) is fixed; 2) there are only two outcomes for each trial, success or failure; 3) the outcome of each trial is independent; and 4) all trials have the same probability (p) of success. Binomial distributions show the likelihood of the number of successful trials versus the total number of trials.
Tests
A blood alcohol test measures the amount of alcohol (also called ethanol) in a sample of your blood. Alcohol is the ingredient in beer, wine, and distilled spirits (liquor) that makes you feel intoxicated (drunk).
Indicators
This gene plays a role in cell-cell adhesion and loss of function contributes to the progression of many carcinomas.
Indicators
This gene functions as a tumor suppressor and transcriptional regulator.
Tests
A test of liver function that measures the clearance of orally-administered cholate to provide an assessment of portal blood flow and IV-administered cholate to provide an assessment of systemic blood flow.
Glossary Term
A structure found in cells that is comprised of a strand of linearized double-stranded DNA plus proteins that package the DNA in a condensed coil form and regulate chromosomal function.
Indicators
The breakdown product of creatine, a constituent of muscle tissue, that is excreted by the kidney and whose serum level is used to evaluate kidney function.
Tests
This test measures creatinine levels in a sample of your blood and/or urine (pee). Creatinine is a normal waste product in your body. It's made when you use your muscles and some of the muscle tissue breaks down.
Indicators
A non-essential sulfur-containing amino acid in humans, related to cystine, Cysteine is important for protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions. Found in beta-keratin, the main protein in nails, skin, and hair, Cysteine is important in collagen production, as well as skin elasticity and texture. Also required in the manufacture of amino acid taurine, Cysteine is a component of the antioxidant glutathione, and plays a role in the metabolism of essential biochemicals such as coenzyme A, heparin, and biotin. (NCI04)
Indicators
Not considered one of the 20 amino acids, Cystine is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. Cystine is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen. (NCI04)
