Glossary Term
DNA
A long linear double-stranded polymer formed from nucleotides attached to a deoxyribose backbone and found in the nucleus of a cell; associated with the transmission of genetic information.
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Glossary Term
A long linear double-stranded polymer formed from nucleotides attached to a deoxyribose backbone and found in the nucleus of a cell; associated with the transmission of genetic information.
Glossary Term
Any method that extracts and purifies DNA from biological samples, which can include the proper handling of biological samples prior to nucleic acid isolation, the separation of DNA from the rest of the components in the samples, and the storage of the DNA isolates.
Article
Research record from Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2026-06-18. PMID 42312965.
Tests
A blood test done near the end of the first trimester of pregnancy to screen for common chromosomal defects. This test screens for blood levels of both free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and can detect trisomies of chromosomes 21 (Down's syndrome), chromosome 18 (Edward's syndrome), and chromosome 13 (Patau's syndrome).
Tests
Drugs are chemical substances that can change how your body and mind work. A drug test looks for signs of illegal drugs or certain prescription and/or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines that can be misused. The test is usually done with a sample of your urine (pee). Less commonly, drug testing uses a sample of your blood, saliva (spit), hair, sweat, fingernails, or breath. The purpose of a drug test is to look for drug use and misuse, which includes:
Indicators
This gene is involved in the epidermal growth factor signal transduction pathway.
Tests
Electrolytes are minerals that have an electrical charge when they are dissolved in water or body fluids. You have electrolytes in your blood, urine, tissues, and other body fluids. They are important because they help:
Article
Research record from Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2026-08-18. PMID 42682792.
Glossary Term
Changes in the regulation of the expression of gene activity without alteration of genetic structure.
Glossary Term
The complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genome of a cell.
Tests
Epithelial cells cover the inside and outside of the surfaces of your body. They are found on your skin, blood vessels, and organs, including your urinary tract (which includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra).
Indicators
This gene plays a role in cellular proliferation and is involved in the oncogenic process through amplification and/or overexpression in several cancers.