Indicator Explainer
Insulin
Insulin (51 aa, ~6 kDa) is encoded by the human INS gene. This protein is involved in the direct regulation of glucose metabolism.
This page explains what the indicator is and how results are interpreted in general terms. Reference ranges depend on the laboratory, the method, and your own situation — no single “normal value” applies to everyone. This page is health information, not a diagnosis. For symptoms, treatment, or urgent concerns, contact a healthcare professional.
When it is tested
Source: National Cancer Institute, NCI Thesaurus 26.09d, C2271. NCI definition, reproduced without modification under CC BY 4.0. Source identity and definition checked automatically on 2026-10-18. No individual clinical interpretation or human reviewer is asserted.
Reading results
Reference intervals and interpretation depend on the laboratory, specimen, method and clinical context. This source definition is educational information; it does not establish a diagnosis, product approval or suitability for an individual.
Also Known As
References
- NCI Thesaurus 26.09d — Insulin (C2271)
- Source: National Cancer Institute, NCI Thesaurus 26.09d, C2271. NCI definition, reproduced without modification under CC BY 4.0.
- Insulin usage and glaucoma treatment associated with the incidence of surgically treated vision-threatening epiretinal membrane: Evidence from an epidemiological study. — Acta Ophthalmol, 2026-10-09 (PMID 42855964; literature)
- Obstructive sleep apnoea severity and insulin resistance in children with Prader-Willi Syndrome: the SPISE index as a candidate metabolic marker. — Eur J Pediatr, 2026-10-09 (PMID 42855587; literature)
- Correction to "Canagliflozin: Pharmacokinetics, tolerability and glucose/insulin effects of supratherapeutic doses in healthy horses" [Vet. J. 313 (2025) 106412]. — Vet J, 2026-10-09 (PMID 42855386; literature)
- Sodium arsenite accelerates aging of Caenorhabditis elegans parents and offspring through the insulin signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and autophagy. — Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2026-10-09 (PMID 42854373; literature)
- Editorial Expression of Concern: Critical role of c-Kit in beta cell function: increased insulin secretion and protection against diabetes in a mouse model. — Diabetologia, 2026-10-09 (PMID 42853381; literature)
- Impaired insulin secretion in response to mixed meal ingestion is associated with hypersomatostatinemia in individuals with cystic fibrosis. — J Cyst Fibros, 2026-10-16 (PMID 42881073; literature)
- Using Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance to Improve Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Risk Stratification in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes from Primary Care and Endocrinology Settings. — Endocr Pract, 2026-10-15 (PMID 42880591; literature)
- Fingered Citron Extract Ameliorates Diabetes-Related Depression via Targeting SRC-Mediated Insulin Signaling and Neuroinflammation. — Phytother Res, 2026-10-22 (PMID 42914102; literature)
- Circular RNA circINSR regulates bovine intramuscular adipocyte development and lipid accumulation through insulin receptor signaling. — J Biol Chem, 2026-10-22 (PMID 42914030; literature)
- The clock-output gene DBP regulates muscle insulin sensitivity and its fluctuations. — J Diabetes Investig, 2026-10-29 (PMID 42952331; literature)
- An Adipocyte MKK3-p38β Axis Preserves Insulin Responsiveness in Mice and Is Reciprocally Altered in Human Obesity. — Adv Sci (Weinh), 2026-10-28 (PMID 42952173; literature)