Tests
The determination of the ratio of a sub-population of skin-homing cytotoxic memory T-lymphocytes to total cytotoxic T-lymphocytes present in a sample. The measurement may be expressed as a ratio or percentage.
For professionals
Tests
The semiquantitative assessment of the wheal-and-flare index that measures the intensity of the reaction.
For professionals
Tests
The determination of the longest diameter for the area of redness that forms around the site of an antigenic challenge to the skin.
For professionals
Indicators
A natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries. Found in citrus and other fruits, and in vegetables, vitamin C cannot be produced or stored by humans and must be obtained in the diet. (NCI04)
Tests
A bacteria culture test can determine if you have a bacterial infection and, if so, which type of bacteria is causing it. To do a bacterial culture test, you will need to give a sample of your blood, urine, skin, or other tissue. The type of sample depends on where the infection is located.
For everyone & professionals
Article
Research record from Anal Chem, 2026-06-24. PMID 42343631.
Tests
A celiac disease screening is a blood test that looks for signs that you may have celiac disease , an autoimmune disorder that causes a serious allergic reaction to gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye and other grains. It may also be found in other products like vitamins and supplements , hair and skin products, toothpaste, and lip balm.
For everyone & professionals
Indicators
A non-essential sulfur-containing amino acid in humans, related to cystine, Cysteine is important for protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions. Found in beta-keratin, the main protein in nails, skin, and hair, Cysteine is important in collagen production, as well as skin elasticity and texture. Also required in the manufacture of amino acid taurine, Cysteine is a component of the antioxidant glutathione, and plays a role in the metabolism of essential biochemicals such as coenzyme A, heparin, and biotin. (NCI04)
Indicators
Not considered one of the 20 amino acids, Cystine is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. Cystine is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen. (NCI04)
Indicators
A family of lipo-soluble steroids important to the absorption, metabolism, and function of calcium and phosphorus and the growth and development of bone and tooth enamel. Found naturally in animal tissues, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is formed in the skin when ultraviolet light activates cholesterol conversion into vitamin D3. Ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol (plant vitamin D) forms ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). (NCI04)
Article
Research record from J Clin Med, 2026-05-03. PMID 42123237.
Article
Research record from Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2026-07-12. PMID 42456433.