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Technology
This is a method (named after the Danish bacteriologist, Hans Christian Gram) for staining and identifying bacteria. It is based on the differential retention of a crystal violet-iodine complex within the cell membrane. Gram-positive organisms will appear blue-black or purple while Gram-negative organisms will appear red.
Article
Research record from ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2026-05-02. PMID 42068274.
Article
Research record from Cureus, 2026-05-09. PMID 42266301.
Indicators
A broad-spectrum semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, derived from kanamycin with antimicrobial property. Amikacin irreversibly binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, specifically locking 16S rRNA and S12 protein within the 30S subunit. This leads to interference with translational initiation complex and misreading of mRNA, thereby hampering protein synthesis and resulting in bactericidal effect. This agent is usually used in short-term treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of Gram-negative bacteria.
Article
Research record from Antibiotics (Basel), 2026-10-15. PMID 42938768.
Article
Research record from Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2026-09-25. PMID 42828858.
Tests
The determination of the amount of gram negative cocci present in a sample.
Tests
A Gram stain is a test that checks to see if you have a bacterial infection . A sample is taken from the site of a suspected infection, such as your throat, lungs, genitals, or a skin wound . Gram stains may also be used to check for bacteria in certain body fluids, such as blood or urine.
Glossary Term
Quantity of dimension one used to express on a scale from 0 to 14 the amount-of-substance concentration of hydrogen ion of dilute aqueous solution, calculated as the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration in gram atoms per liter.
Tests
A sputum culture is a test that checks for bacteria or another type of germ that may be causing a respiratory tract infection (an infection in your lungs or airways). Sputum, also known as phlegm, is a thick type of mucus made in your lungs. If you have an infection or chronic illness affecting the lungs or airways, sputum can settle in your lungs, and you may also cough it up
Tests
This test looks for white blood cells in a sample of your stool (poop). White blood cells are also called leukocytes, so this test is sometimes called a leukocytes in stool test.