Technology
Gel electrophoresis is a method of separating large molecules (such as DNA fragments or proteins) from a mixture of similar molecules by electrophoretic filtration through a gelatinous matrix. Subject to an electric field, each molecule in the sample mixture migrates through the matrix at a different rate, depending mainly on electrical charge and size, resulting in spatial separation within the matrix of each molecular species in the sample mixture. Agarose and acrylamide in a cylindrical tube or slab gel are commonly used media for electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids.
Diagnostic Methods
Technology
Gel permeation or sieve chromatography that is performed on porous gels that separate solutes on the basis of size. Smaller solutes are included within the particles of the gel matrix more frequently than larger solutes, thus affecting elution rates.
Diagnostic Methods
Technology
The process of measuring the extent of crossovers between chromosomes as a gauge of the distance between genes.
Diagnostic Methods
Technology
This is a method (named after the Danish bacteriologist, Hans Christian Gram) for staining and identifying bacteria. It is based on the differential retention of a crystal violet-iodine complex within the cell membrane. Gram-positive organisms will appear blue-black or purple while Gram-negative organisms will appear red.
Diagnostic Methods
Technology
Hematoxylin-and-eosin, or H&E, is a routine staining procedure of tissue sections. This staining method uses two separate dyes, one staining the nucleus and the other staining the cytoplasm and connective tissue. Hematoxylin is a dark purplish dye that stains the chromatin (nuclear material) within the nucleus. Eosin is an orangish-pink to red dye that stains the cytoplasmic material including connective tissue and collagen.
Diagnostic Methods
Technology
Frequently referred to simply as HPLC, this form of column chromatography is used frequently in biochemistry. The analyte is forced through a column by liquid at high pressure, which decreases the time the separated components remain on the stationary phase. Less time on the column then translates to narrower peaks in the resulting chromatogram and thence to better selectivity and sensitivity.
Diagnostic Methods
Technology
The study of cells and tissues using chemical staining techniques.
Diagnostic Methods
Technology
The microscopic study of characteristic tissue abnormalities by employing various cytochemical and immunocytochemical stains.
Diagnostic Methods
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Affinity chromatography using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies, or (less commonly) antigens, as the immobilized binding phase.
Diagnostic Methods
Technology
A method for the detection of proteins or antigens on samples of cells that are grown in monolayers or in suspension and deposited on slides using antibodies or other biomolecules that bind the target and can be visualized through a chemical process.
Diagnostic Methods
Technology
A quantitative technique used to detect and estimate the concentration of an antigen by measuring the precipitation which is formed as a result of the interaction of the antigen and an antibody at optimal concentration.
Diagnostic Methods
Technology
A laboratory testing method to determine the concentrations of immunoglobulins in the blood.
Diagnostic Methods
