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Tests
An immunoglobulins blood test measures the amount of immunoglobulins in your blood. Immunoglobulins are also called antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight germs , such as viruses and bacteria . Your body makes different kinds of antibodies to fight germs in different parts of the body and at different stages of an infection.
Tests
This test measures the level of lactate, also called lactic acid, in a sample of your blood. In certain cases, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be used. Normally, you have low levels of lactate in your blood and CSF. High levels of lactate may be a sign of a wide variety of medical conditions.
Tests
Legionella is a type of bacteria . When it affects your lungs, it can cause a severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease . Legionella tests look for these bacteria in urine, sputum, or in some cases in lung tissue. A blood test may be done to check if you have been exposed to the bacteria, but it cannot diagnose a Legionella infection.
Tests
Lyme disease is an infection caused by bacteria you get from tick bites . Lyme disease tests look for signs of infection in a sample of your blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a clear liquid that flows in and around your brain and spinal cord. The test checks your sample for antibodies that your immune system makes to fight the bacteria that cause Lyme disease.
Article
Research record from Iran J Microbiol, 2026-08-01. PMID 42625950.
Tests
Meningococcal disease is the name for any infection caused by meningococcal bacteria (called Neisseria meningitidis ). Meningococcal disease tests look for these bacteria in your blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the fluid in spaces around your brain and spinal cord.
Article
Research record from Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2026-10-07. PMID 42908611.
Tests
A laboratory procedure in which the efficacy of a range of antimicrobial agents is tested against bacteria, fungi, or viruses.
Article
Research record from Microbiologyopen, 2026-10-01. PMID 42670573.
Tests
A MRSA test looks for MRSA bacteria in a sample of fluid or tissue from your body. The sample is often taken from your nose or a wound. MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . It is a type of staph bacteria.
Glossary Term
Chemicals that are added to drug products to prolong shelf life and maintain sterility. Protection of formulations, especially aqueous solutions, against microbial growth requires use of either antibacterial or antifungal preservatives. Generally, such agents are active against either bacteria or fungi but a few are active against both. The antimicrobials include but not limited to chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, and phenol. The antioxidizing agents include butylated hydroxytoluene, hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, and sulfites. The necessary addition of preservatives for both safety and economy sometimes has been associated with significant adverse effects in certain patient populations.
Glossary Term
General term for a piece of DNA or RNA corresponding to a gene or sequence of interest, that has been labelled either radioactively or with some other detectable molecule, such as biotin, digoxygenin or fluorescein. As stretches of DNA or RNA with complementary sequences will hybridize, a probe will label viral plaques, bacterial colonies or bands on a gel that contain the gene of interest.
