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Article
Research record from Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2026-09-25. PMID 42828858.
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Research record from Diagnostics (Basel), 2026-08-31. PMID 42739230.
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Research record from Ann Med, 2026-09-29. PMID 42806854.
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Research record from Front Pediatr, 2026-07-23. PMID 42564151.
Tests
A free light chains test measures the level of free light chains in your blood. Light chains are proteins made by plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. Light chains usually link up with other proteins called heavy chains. Together, the light and heavy chains make immunoglobulins, also called antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight germs such as viruses and bacteria .
Tests
A fungal culture test helps diagnose fungal infections . Fungal infections may happen if you are exposed to fungi (more than one fungus). Fungi are plant-like life forms, such as yeasts and molds . Fungi live everywhere:
Glossary Term
The complete genomic content of an organism, and possibly the full DNA sequence of that organism. It is contained in a set of chromosomes in eukaryotes, a single chromosome in bacteria, or a DNA or RNA molecule in viruses.
Indicators
A broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by fermentation of Micromonospora purpurea or M. echinospora. Gentamicin is an antibiotic complex consisting of four major (C1, C1a, C2, and C2a) and several minor components. This agent irreversibly binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. Specifically, this antibiotic is lodged between 16S rRNA and S12 protein within the 30S subunit. This leads to interference with translational initiation complex, misreading of mRNA, thereby hampering protein synthesis and resulting in bactericidal effect. Aminoglycosides are mostly ineffective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses.
Tests
A gonorrhea test looks for signs of a gonorrhea bacterial infection in a sample of your urine (pee) or saliva. Gonorrhea is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Anyone can get gonorrhea if they have vaginal, oral, or anal sex with someone who has the infection.
Tests
A Gram stain is a test that checks to see if you have a bacterial infection . A sample is taken from the site of a suspected infection, such as your throat, lungs, genitals, or a skin wound . Gram stains may also be used to check for bacteria in certain body fluids, such as blood or urine.
Tests
An HIV test checks a sample of your blood, saliva (spit), or urine (pee) to see whether you are infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV is a virus that destroys certain cells in your immune system . These cells protect your body against diseases from germs , such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. If you lose too many immune cells, your body will have trouble fighting off infections and other diseases.
Indicators
The second most abundant immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass in the circulation of healthy individuals. The IgG2 core hinge sequence contains 12 amino acids and up to four interchain disulfide bonds. This subtype has low affinity for binding both Fc receptors and complement component C1q. The production of this IgG2 is stimulated by exposure to bacterial capsular polysaccharides and other antigenic glycans.
