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An amino acid derivative. Carnitine facilitates long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria, delivering substrate for oxidation and subsequent energy production. Fatty acids are utilized as an energy substrate in all tissues except the brain.
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An enzyme complex that can reversibly convert ATP and creatine to phosphocreatine and ADP. Cytosolic creatine kinases are comprised of homodimers or heterodimers of creatine kinase B-type protein and creatine kinase M-type protein. Mitochondrial creatine kinases are octomers comprised of either four homodimers of creatine kinase U-type, mitochondrial protein or four creatine kinase S-type, mitochondrial protein homodimers.
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A cardiac glycoside. Digoxin inhibits the sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) pump, thereby increasing intracellular calcium and enhancing cardiac contractility. This agent also acts directly on the atrioventricular node to suppress conduction, thereby slowing conduction velocity. Apparently due to its effects on intracellular calcium concentrations, digoxin induces apoptosis of tumor cells via a pathway involving mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspases 8 and 3. (NCI04)
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This gene plays a role in intermediary metabolism.
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This gene is involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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This gene plays a role in electron transport in the mitochondria.
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This gene is involved in mitochondrial electron transport.