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The most potent androgen, required for sex development. Dihydrotestosterone is synthesized from testosterone in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles and adrenal glands by 5-alpha reductase. Dihydrotestosterone exerts its action similar to testosterone, which binds to and activates specific nuclear androgen receptors. After translocation into the nucleus, the activated hormone-receptor complex binds to the androgen response elements on the DNA and activates gene expressions that are required for sex development. Dihydrotestosterone is responsible for the formation of male primary sex characteristics and most male secondary sex characteristics during puberty, such as muscular growth, facial and body hair growth, and deepening of the voice.
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A heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone is involved in gonadal development, growth, maturation and reproductive processes, including the regulation of spermatogenesis in males and follicular growth and ovulation in females.
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A heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone is involved in stimulation of testosterone production by Leydig cells in males and triggering ovulation and corpus luteum development in females.
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Prolactin (227 aa, ~26 kDa) is encoded by the human PRL gene. This protein is involved in the promotion of lactation in the mammary gland.
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A hormone synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland containing four iodine atoms and is converted to triiodothyronine (T3) in the body, influencing metabolism and organ function.
