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A family of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes involved in cellular nitrogen metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and liver gluconeogenesis. Alanine aminotransferase specifically and reversibly catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-alanine to alpha-ketoglutarate forming pyruvate and L-glutamate.
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A family of globular proteins found in many plant and animal tissues that tend to bind a wide variety of ligands. Albumin is the main protein in blood plasma. Low serum levels occur in conditions associated with malnutrition, inflammation and liver and kidney diseases.
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A mineralocorticoid hormone produced by aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone binds to mineralocorticoid receptors (MR; NR3C2) and MR-aldosterone complexes regulate the expression of genes involved in the retention of sodium, the secretion of potassium, and water reabsorption, all of which may result increased blood pressure.
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This gene is involved in brain development and neuronal specificity.
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An enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of inorganic phosphate non-specifically from a wide variety of phosphate esters and having a high (greater than 8) pH optimum.
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Alpha-fetoprotein (609 aa, ~69 kDa) is encoded by the human AFP gene. This protein plays a role in the binding to copper, nickel, bilirubin and fatty acids in the fetal circulation.
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An inorganic compound composed of a single nitrogen atom covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms that is an amidase inhibitor and neurotoxin. It is both manufactured and produced naturally from bacterial processes and the breakdown of organic matter. Ammonia is used in many industrial processes, and as a fertilizer and refrigerant. It is characterized as a colorless gas or compressed liquid with a pungent odor and exposure occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or contact.
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Amylase is an enzyme which helps digest glycogen and starch. It is produced mainly in the pancreas and salivary glands.
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This gene is involved in lipid transport and metabolism.
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A family of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism and in the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. Aspartate aminotransferase specifically and reversibly catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-aspartate to alpha-ketoglutarate forming oxaloacetate and L-glutamate.
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A fusion gene that results from a translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) that fuses the 5' part of the BCR gene to the 5' side of exon 2 of the ABL1 gene. There are 3 potential products that are formed depending on which BCR exon has the breakpoint. All of the protein products have constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity. This fusion is associated with both chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Indicators
Beta-2-microglobulin protein (119 aa, ~14 kDa) is encoded by the human B2M gene. This protein plays a role in immune responses and is a key component of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The protein is localized to the surface of cells and is utilized as a prognostic marker in persons with cancers that involve white blood cells. The polypeptide is also used as a marker in kidney damage diagnosis and in the detection of viral infection.