Tests
A glucose in urine test measures the amount of glucose in your urine (pee). Glucose is a type of sugar. It is your body's main source of energy. Glucose comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. Your blood carries glucose to your cells for energy.
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A hematocrit test is a blood test that measures the amount (percent) of your blood that is made up of red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. The other parts of your blood include white blood cells (to help fight infection and other diseases), platelets (to help make blood clots to stop bleeding ), and a liquid called plasma.
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A hemoglobin test measures the levels of hemoglobin in your blood. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in your red blood cells. It carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Your cells need oxygen to grow, reproduce, and make energy for you to function. Your hemoglobin levels provide information about the health of your red blood cells. If your hemoglobin levels are abnormal, it may be a sign that you have a blood disorder .
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An HIV test checks a sample of your blood, saliva (spit), or urine (pee) to see whether you are infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV is a virus that destroys certain cells in your immune system . These cells protect your body against diseases from germs , such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. If you lose too many immune cells, your body will have trouble fighting off infections and other diseases.
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A homocysteine test measures the amount of homocysteine in a sample of your blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid. Amino acids are molecules that your body uses to make proteins.
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An immunoglobulins blood test measures the amount of immunoglobulins in your blood. Immunoglobulins are also called antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight germs , such as viruses and bacteria . Your body makes different kinds of antibodies to fight germs in different parts of the body and at different stages of an infection.
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Iron tests measure different substances in the blood to check iron levels in your body. Iron is a mineral that your body needs for growth and development. Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells. It carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body, Iron is also important for healthy muscles, bone marrow, and organ function. Your body also needs iron to make some hormones .
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A karyotype test is a type of genetic testing . It looks at the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of cells from your body. Chromosomes are tiny "packages" in your cells that contain your genes . Genes carry information, called DNA , that controls what you look like and how your body works.
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Kidney stones are small, pebble-like pieces of material that form in one or both of your kidneys. Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs just below your rib cage. They keep your body's balance of water, minerals, and salts by removing waste to make urine (pee). Kidney stones form when you have high levels of some minerals or salts in your urine (pee). Many things may increase your risk of kidney stones. These can include your diet, some health conditions, and some supplements or medicines.
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A lipoprotein (a) test measures the level of lipoprotein (a) in your blood. A high level of lipoprotein (a) may mean you have a high risk for heart disease and stroke .
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Lyme disease is an infection caused by bacteria you get from tick bites . Lyme disease tests look for signs of infection in a sample of your blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a clear liquid that flows in and around your brain and spinal cord. The test checks your sample for antibodies that your immune system makes to fight the bacteria that cause Lyme disease.
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A magnesium blood test measures the amount of magnesium in a sample of your blood. Magnesium is a mineral that you get from many kinds of foods you eat. Some examples include nuts, seeds, beans, fortified breakfast cereals, green leafy vegetables, and milk.
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