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Tests
A partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test uses a blood sample to measure the number of seconds it takes for your blood to clot . Normally, when you get a cut or injury that causes bleeding, many different types of proteins in your blood work together to make a clot to stop the bleeding. These proteins are called coagulation factors or clotting factors, and your liver makes most of them.
Tests
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests are a reliable and accurate way to diagnose certain infectious diseases , some types of cancer , and certain genetic changes. The tests check for small amounts of genetic material of a pathogen (disease-causing organism) or abnormal cells in a sample of your blood, saliva, mucus, or tissue. The genetic material could be:
Tests
A PD-L1 test uses a sample of cancerous tumor tissue to measure how much of a protein called programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is found on the cancer cells. Normally, PD-L1 is found on certain healthy cells. It helps keep your immune system from attacking healthy tissue by acting as a kind of "brake" on your immune system cells (called T-cells). However, in some cancers, PD-L1 keeps your immune system from attacking cancerous cells.
Glossary Term
Any of the 99 numbered points that divide an ordered set of scores into 100 parts each of which contains one-hundredth of the total.
Tests
Pharmacogenetics (also called pharmacogenomics ) is the study of how your genes affect the way your body responds to certain medicines . Genes are parts of DNA in your cells that you inherit from your parents. You inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent. Genes carry information that controls what you look like and how your body works.
Article
Research record from Life (Basel), 2026-03-18. PMID 41901018.
Tests
A PKU screening test measures the amount of a protein called phenylalanine (Phe) in a sample of a newborn's blood. Phe is in all foods that contain protein such as milk, meats, and nuts. It's also in an artificial sweetener called aspartame. If a newborn has high levels of Phe in their blood, it could mean that they have phenylketonuria (PKU).
Tests
A phosphate in blood test measures the amount of phosphate in a sample of your blood. Phosphate contains the mineral phosphorus. So, a phosphate test is sometimes called a phosphorus test.
Tests
A phosphate in urine test measures the amount of phosphate in a urine (pee) sample that you collect over a 24-hour period. Phosphate contains the mineral phosphorus. So, a phosphate test is sometimes called a phosphorus test.
Tests
The determination of the amount of the phosphatidylethanol 16:0-18:1 homolog present in a sample.
Article
Research record from Microbiol Spectr, 2026-05-18. PMID 42148580.
Indicators
An irregular, disc-shaped element in the blood that assists in blood clotting. Platelets are not blood cells, they are fragments of large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes.
