Indicators
A mineralocorticoid hormone produced by aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone binds to mineralocorticoid receptors (MR; NR3C2) and MR-aldosterone complexes regulate the expression of genes involved in the retention of sodium, the secretion of potassium, and water reabsorption, all of which may result increased blood pressure.
Tests
An aldosterone test measures the amount of aldosterone (ALD) in your blood or urine (pee). ALD is a hormone made by your adrenal glands, two small glands that sit above your kidneys. ALD helps keep your blood pressure stable by helping to balance the levels of two electrolytes in your blood, sodium and potassium .
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Tests
The determination of the amount of unmeasured anions (computed as sodium minus the chloride and bicarbonate) present in a sample.
For professionals
Indicators
A chlorine anion that forms the negatively charged part of certain salts, including sodium and hydrogen chloride salts, and is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating fluid in and out of cells.
Indicators
A cardiac glycoside. Digoxin inhibits the sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) pump, thereby increasing intracellular calcium and enhancing cardiac contractility. This agent also acts directly on the atrioventricular node to suppress conduction, thereby slowing conduction velocity. Apparently due to its effects on intracellular calcium concentrations, digoxin induces apoptosis of tumor cells via a pathway involving mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspases 8 and 3. (NCI04)
Indicators
A hydantoin derivative and a non-sedative antiepileptic agent with anticonvulsant activity. Phenytoin potentially acts by promoting sodium efflux from neurons located in the motor cortex reducing post-tetanic potentiation at synapses. The reduction of potentiation prevents cortical seizure foci spreading to adjacent areas, stabilizing the threshold against hyperexcitability. In addition, this agent appears to reduce sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch causing muscle relaxation.
Glossary Term
Chemicals that are added to drug products to prolong shelf life and maintain sterility. Protection of formulations, especially aqueous solutions, against microbial growth requires use of either antibacterial or antifungal preservatives. Generally, such agents are active against either bacteria or fungi but a few are active against both. The antimicrobials include but not limited to chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, and phenol. The antioxidizing agents include butylated hydroxytoluene, hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, and sulfites. The necessary addition of preservatives for both safety and economy sometimes has been associated with significant adverse effects in certain patient populations.
Pcr Terms
Tests
This test measures the level of renin in your blood. Renin is an enzyme, a protein that speeds up certain chemical reactions in your body. It's made by your kidneys. When your blood pressure or sodium decreases or your potassium increases, your kidneys release renin. That's because renin also acts as a hormone (a chemical messenger in your bloodstream that controls the actions of certain cells or organs) to help control your blood pressure.
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Article
Research record from Exp Parasitol, 2026-09-11. PMID 42727696.
Tests
Point-of-care measurement of oxygenation, ventilation, acid-base status, and electrolytes in critically ill patients.
For professionals
Tests
Electrolytes are minerals that have an electrical charge when they are dissolved in water or body fluids. You have electrolytes in your blood, urine, tissues, and other body fluids. They are important because they help:
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Tests
Osmolality tests measure the amount of certain substances in your blood, urine, or stool (poop). The tests can show how your kidneys are working and whether you have an unhealthy fluid balance .
For everyone & professionals