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Glossary Term
Any mutation with an origin in cells that are not destined to become gametes. As a consequence, such mutations are not transmitted to progeny, though they will be transmitted during any mitosis within the individual. Somatic mutations may contribute to a broad variety of pathologies including cancer.
Glossary Term
A part of a thing, or of several things, taken to demonstrate or to determine the character of the whole, e.g. a substance, or portion of material obtained for use in testing, examination, or study; particularly, a preparation of tissue or bodily fluid taken for examination or diagnosis.
Glossary Term
Any mutation that occurs within the discrete sequences comprising the 5' or 3' splice sites of a gene that has a spliced message. Splice-site mutation may result in a deletion or insertion of extraneous amino acids in the gene product or a change in the reading frame of the spliced message.
Glossary Term
A measure of the range of values in a set of numbers. Standard deviation is a statistic used as a measure of the dispersion or variation in a distribution, equal to the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations from the arithmetic mean.
Glossary Term
The standard deviations of the sample in a frequency distribution, obtained by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of the total number of cases in the frequency distribution.
Glossary Term
The substitution of some value for a missing data point or a missing component of a data point.
Glossary Term
A measure of the likelihood that a significance test will detect an effect or difference in a sample if the effect or difference exists in the entire population from which that sample was taken.
Glossary Term
A test used to determine the statistical significance of an observation.
Glossary Term
The liquid lying above a liquid, solid or semi-solid residue, which is separated by crystallization, precipitation or centrifugation of a biological sample.
Glossary Term
A method for converting an individual score into a standard form. While similar to a z-score, t-score is used when the conversion is made without knowledge of the population standard deviation and mean.
Glossary Term
The lowest limit at which something becomes detectable or relevant.
Glossary Term
A genetic process in which single-stranded RNA with base sequence complementary to a region of plus strand DNA is synthesized by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Following the binding of RNA polymerase on DNA promoter regions, the RNA product is synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction, elongating RNA along the DNA strand as the polymerase proceeds, accompanied by unwinding and rewinding of the DNA template.
