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Tests
A parainfluenza test checks a fluid sample from your nose or lungs for the four types of parainfluenza viruses (also called human parainfluenza viruses, or HPIVs). These viruses are a common cause of respiratory (breathing) illnesses, especially in spring, summer, and fall.
Tests
This test measures the level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in your blood. PTH, is made by your parathyroid glands . They are four pea-sized glands in your neck.
Tests
A partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test uses a blood sample to measure the number of seconds it takes for your blood to clot . Normally, when you get a cut or injury that causes bleeding, many different types of proteins in your blood work together to make a clot to stop the bleeding. These proteins are called coagulation factors or clotting factors, and your liver makes most of them.
Tests
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests are a reliable and accurate way to diagnose certain infectious diseases , some types of cancer , and certain genetic changes. The tests check for small amounts of genetic material of a pathogen (disease-causing organism) or abnormal cells in a sample of your blood, saliva, mucus, or tissue. The genetic material could be:
Tests
A PD-L1 test uses a sample of cancerous tumor tissue to measure how much of a protein called programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is found on the cancer cells. Normally, PD-L1 is found on certain healthy cells. It helps keep your immune system from attacking healthy tissue by acting as a kind of "brake" on your immune system cells (called T-cells). However, in some cancers, PD-L1 keeps your immune system from attacking cancerous cells.
Tests
Pharmacogenetics (also called pharmacogenomics ) is the study of how your genes affect the way your body responds to certain medicines . Genes are parts of DNA in your cells that you inherit from your parents. You inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent. Genes carry information that controls what you look like and how your body works.
Tests
A PKU screening test measures the amount of a protein called phenylalanine (Phe) in a sample of a newborn's blood. Phe is in all foods that contain protein such as milk, meats, and nuts. It's also in an artificial sweetener called aspartame. If a newborn has high levels of Phe in their blood, it could mean that they have phenylketonuria (PKU).
Tests
A phosphate in blood test measures the amount of phosphate in a sample of your blood. Phosphate contains the mineral phosphorus. So, a phosphate test is sometimes called a phosphorus test.
Tests
A phosphate in urine test measures the amount of phosphate in a urine (pee) sample that you collect over a 24-hour period. Phosphate contains the mineral phosphorus. So, a phosphate test is sometimes called a phosphorus test.
Tests
Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small blood cells. They form in your bone marrow, the sponge-like tissue in your bones. Platelets are essential for blood clotting . A blood clot is a mass of blood that forms when platelets, proteins, and cells in the blood stick together. When you get hurt, your body forms a blood clot to stop the bleeding.
Tests
A pleural fluid analysis is a group of tests that examine a sample of abnormal fluid that builds up in the space between your lungs and chest wall. This space is called the pleural space.
Tests
Porphyrin tests measure the level of porphyrins in your blood, urine (pee), or stool (poop). Your body uses porphyrins to make heme. Heme is part of hemoglobin, which is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body.
