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A nonessential amino acid. Glutamine can donate the ammonia on its side chain to the formation of urea (for eventual excretion by the kidneys) and to purines (necessary for the synthesis of nucleic acids). Glutamic acid-to-glutamine conversion, in which an ammonia group is added to glutamic acid (catalyzed by glutamine synthase), is of central importance in the regulation of toxic levels of ammonia in the body. This agent is a substrate for the production of both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters (glutamate and GABA) and is also an important source of energy for the nervous system. Glutamine may become a conditionally essential amino acid during certain catabolic states.
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This gene is involved in signal transduction.
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This gene plays a role in signal transduction and is involved in calcium signaling.
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This gene plays a role in signal transduction and is associated with pituitary tumors.
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This gene is involved in chromatin structure.
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This gene is involved in chromatin structure.
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A tetrameric complex of 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit alpha (encoded by either the HBA1 or HBA2 gene) and 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit beta (encoded by the HBB gene).
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A tetrameric complex of 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit alpha (encoded by either the HBA1 or HBA2 gene) and 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit delta (encoded by the HBD gene).
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A tetrameric complex of 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit alpha (encoded by either the HBA1 or HBA2 gene) and 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit gamma (encoded by either the HBG1 or HBG2 gene).
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A tetrameric complex of 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit alpha (encoded by either the HBA1 or HBA2 gene) and 2 molecules of a hemoglobin subunit beta variant where the glutamic acid residue at position 7 has been replaced by valine.
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A semi-essential amino acid (children should obtain it from food) needed in humans for growth and tissue repair, Histidine is important for maintenance of myelin sheaths that protect nerve cells and is metabolized to the neurotransmitter histamine. Histamines play many roles in immunity, gastric secretion, and sexual functions. Histidine is also required for blood cell manufacture and protects tissues against damage caused by radiation and heavy metals. (NCI04)
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This gene plays a role in both DNA binding and transcriptional modulation.
