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Indicators
Beta-2-microglobulin protein (119 aa, ~14 kDa) is encoded by the human B2M gene. This protein plays a role in immune responses and is a key component of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The protein is localized to the surface of cells and is utilized as a prognostic marker in persons with cancers that involve white blood cells. The polypeptide is also used as a marker in kidney damage diagnosis and in the detection of viral infection.
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An antigen expressed by tissues derived from mullerian epithelium (tubal, endometrial and endocervical) or celomic epithelium (mesothelial cells of the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum). Although its biochemical nature has not been clearly defined, CA125 has been described as a glycosylated, high-molecular-weight protein that may be released from damaged cells. Measurable in plasma, CA125 is a sensitive, nonspecific tumor marker for ovarian cancer; as such it is much more useful for monitoring clinical responses to the treatment of ovarian cancer than for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Elevated plasma CA125 may occur in association with other malignancies and non-malignant gynecologic disorders. (NCI04)
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Glycated hemoglobin — an integrated measure of average blood glucose over roughly the preceding two to three months.
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Quantitative measure of HIV-1 RNA in plasma used to stage and monitor therapy.
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A biomarker rising markedly in systemic bacterial infection — decision support for antibiotic pathways, not a diagnosis by itself.
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Prostate-specific antigen — a prostate tissue protein whose blood level rises in prostate cancer and in common benign conditions.
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Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens.
