Glossary Term
Cryoprotective Agent
A substance that is used to protect from the effects of freezing, largely by preventing large ice crystals from forming.
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Glossary Term
A substance that is used to protect from the effects of freezing, largely by preventing large ice crystals from forming.
Indicators
This gene plays an inhibitory role in cell survival and proliferation.
Indicators
This gene is involved in signal transduction and regulation of transcription.
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This gene plays a role in protein degradation and cell cycle arrest.
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A natural cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant isolated from the fungus Beauveria nivea. The exact mechanism of action of cyclosporine is not known but may involve binding to the cellular protein cytophilin, resulting in inhibition of the enzyme calcineurin. This agent appears to specifically and reversibly inhibit immunocompetent lymphocytes in the G0-or G1-phase of the cell cycle. T-lymphocytes are preferentially inhibited with T-helper cells as the primary target. Cyclosporine also inhibits lymphokine production and release. (NCI04)
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A non-essential sulfur-containing amino acid in humans, related to cystine, Cysteine is important for protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions. Found in beta-keratin, the main protein in nails, skin, and hair, Cysteine is important in collagen production, as well as skin elasticity and texture. Also required in the manufacture of amino acid taurine, Cysteine is a component of the antioxidant glutathione, and plays a role in the metabolism of essential biochemicals such as coenzyme A, heparin, and biotin. (NCI04)
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Not considered one of the 20 amino acids, Cystine is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. Cystine is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen. (NCI04)
Tests
The measurement of the ratio of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which are T lymphocytes that express CD8, to the total number of blood cells in a sample expressed as a percent value.
Tests
The determination of the ratio of the cytotoxic T-lymphocytes to total T-lymphocytes present in a sample. The measurement may be expressed as a ratio or percentage.
Tests
The determination of a sub-population of cytotoxic terminally differentiated exhausted T-lymphocytes to the total cytotoxic terminally differentiated exhausted T-lymphocytes present in a sample. The measurement may be expressed as a ratio or percentage.
Indicators
This gene plays a role in signal transduction, regulation of transcription and enhancement of apoptosis.
Indicators
This gene may play a role in RNA splicing and tumor suppression.